Weighing about 108 kilograms (238 pounds), the yet-to-be-named male calf was born at the Way Kambas National Park in Lampung province in southern Sumatra, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry said Sunday.
The calf was in good health and his mother Riska was being monitored after giving birth on Saturday, the ministry said.
Riska had a female calf in 2017.
The new addition to the elephant herd at Way Kambas comes after a baby Sumatran rhino was born there in September and another baby elephant was born at a different national park in Sumatra that same month.
"Hopefully the birth of various wildlife indicates conservation efforts for protected species in the National Park... have been executed well," said Satyawan Pudyatmoko, a conservation official.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, Sumatran elephants are on the brink of extinction with only about 2,400-2,800 left in the world.
The elephant population is threatened by rampant poaching for their tusks, which are prized in the illegal wildlife trade.
The archipelago nation faces an ongoing battle against wildlife crime and several elephant poisoning cases have been reported in recent years.
Deforestation has reduced the critically endangered elephants' natural habitat and brought them into increasing conflict with humans.
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