The three probes blasted off from Florida's Kennedy Space Center aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, built by the private company SpaceX.
Once in space, the probes will begin a long journey to reach the Lagrange 1 point -- a spot approximately 1.5 million kilometers (930,000 miles) from the Sun that offers a stable vantage point for observation.
The "Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe" (IMAP) will use its instruments to study the Sun's high-energy particles and the protective magnetic bubble surrounding our solar system known as the heliosphere, data that can offer insight into space weather and cosmic radiation.
Solar storms are high-radiation events caused by flares on the Sun's surface, and are very difficult to predict.
They can impact activities on Earth, including aviation, mobile communications and power grids -- and potentially endanger astronauts and satellites in space.
The Space Weather Follow-on (SWFO-L1) spacecraft, operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), aims to detect the weather patterns in advance.
"It can't stop an incoming threat, but it can give us time to prepare," said Irene Parker of NOAA.
With notice, authorities could shelter astronauts, warn aircraft pilots of forthcoming disruptions of GPS systems and adapt power grids in anticipation.
And the Carruthers Geocorona Observatory, the third passenger on the rocket, will study the Earth's exosphere in a bid to better understand how space weather affects it.
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