The dead spade-toothed whale washed ashore on New Zealand's South Island earlier this year, offering a chance to study a deep-sea mammal that has never been seen alive.
Measuring five metres (16.4 feet) long, the whale was winched off the beach in July and has sat in a special freezer since.
Whale expert Anton van Helden said it was the first time scientists had been able to dissect a complete spade-toothed specimen, which belongs to the family of beaked whales.
"This is a remarkable and globally significant opportunity," he said.
The week-long dissection will help to fill in gaps about the whale's behaviour, its diet, and even its basic anatomy.
"Beaked whales are the most enigmatic group of large mammals on the planet," said Van Helden.
"They are deep divers that are rarely seen at sea, which presents real challenges for researching these marine animals.
"This one is the rarest of the rare -- only the seventh specimen known from anywhere in the world, and the first opportunity we have had to undertake a dissection like this."
New Zealand's conservation department said the spade-toothed whale was the "rarest whale in the world".
The species was first described in 1874 from just a lower jaw and two teeth collected from the Chatham Islands off the east coast of New Zealand.
That sample, along with skeletal remains of two other specimens found in New Zealand and Chile, enabled scientists to confirm a new species.
Because so few specimens have been found and there have been no live sightings, the spade-toothed whale is classified as "data deficient" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
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