Ahmed Mansoor was sentenced to 10 years in prison in 2018 after being convicted of spreading false information on social media and harming the reputation of the state.
In a joint letter sent to US Secretary of State Antony Blinken on Wednesday, 19 groups including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International called for diplomatic pressure on the United Arab Emirates to free Mansoor.
"We urge you to call on the UAE government to immediately and unconditionally release Ahmed Mansoor," the letter read.
They requested the US top diplomat "make this call publicly and to raise it in your engagement with UAE officials at the highest levels".
In their joint statement, the rights groups accused the Emirati authorities of having subjected Mansoor to conditions of detention that amount to "torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment".
The United Arab Emirates rejected the allegations.
"Such repeated claims are categorically untrue, and are once again false," an Emirati official told AFP.
"While serving his sentence, Mansoor receives all necessary medical care and examinations and is in good health."
The non-governmental organisations have accused Abu Dhabi of detaining at least 62 Emiratis for political reasons, but the official said the UAE "maintains an unwavering commitment to, and respect for human rights".
Rights groups have stepped up their lobbying for Mansoor's release in the lead-up to the COP28 climate conference that will be held in the UAE business hub of Dubai from November to December.
"Washington should use this opportunity, when the UAE is trying to improve its image internationally in advance of the climate conference, to publicly and privately pressure Emirati authorities," Joey Shea, UAE researcher at HRW, said in a statement.
Mansoor, one of the most prominent rights activists in the UAE, received the prestigious Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders in 2015.
His arrest in March 2017 under the Gulf state's cyber-crime law triggered an international outcry and was heavily criticised by HRW and Amnesty.
In early August, the UAE said it would allow environmental activists to "assemble peacefully" at COP28, despite a prohibition on unauthorised protests in the Gulf state.
The oil-rich UAE requires official permission for protests but effectively bans demonstrations it deems disruptive.
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