The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) said it was seeking comments from "the parties and interested third parties".
It wants to know if the partnership "including recent developments" has "resulted in a relevant merger situation and, if so, the impact that the merger could have on competition in the UK".
Microsoft announced at the end of November that a representative of the software titan had been given a seat on the startup's board as an observer.
That came just days after OpenAI was thrown into tumult on November 17 when the company's board fired CEO Sam Altman only to hire him back a few days later when staff and investors rebelled.
The CMA explained that criteria that meets a "relevant merger situation" can include "the acquisition of a minority shareholding or, in some circumstances, commercial arrangements such as outsourcing arrangements".
The CMA recently noted that the rapid development of AI presented both opportunities and risks for competition and consumer protection, and emphasised "the need for sustained competition" between players in the sector.
In a statement sent to AFP, Microsoft president Brad Smith said: "Since 2019, we've forged a partnership with OpenAI that has fostered more AI innovation and competition, while preserving independence for both companies."
"The only thing that has changed is that Microsoft will now have a non-voting observer on OpenAI's board, which is very different from an acquisition such as Google's purchase of DeepMind in the UK.
"We will work closely with the CMA to provide all the information it needs," he added.
The CMA in October approved Xbox maker Microsoft's $69-billion acquisition of Activision Blizzard, whose video games include "Call of Duty" and "Candy Crush", after earlier blocking the deal over competition concerns.
ode/pdh/imm
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