The manufacturers charge that BP placed bulk orders but since last month has quietly reneged on commitments, leaving the companies saddled with millions of dollars in inventory and forcing them to lay off workers.

In response to the world's largest-ever spill, some firms said they worked around-the-clock to meet a demand for containment boom, a type of floating barrier which is placed in water to halt the flow of oil.

Larry Buck, chief executive of Victory Awning in Fort Worth, Texas, said BP owed his company 400,000 dollars for boom orders and that he wasted another 500,000 dollars on raw materials that he could have invested elsewhere.

Buck said he initially hired additional workers but is now laying off about 20 people, or one-fifth of his work-force.

"We've gotta cut somewhere," he said by telephone. "We're not like the government. We've gotta pony up every week."

The British-based energy giant declined to discuss individual cases but said it was looking at how to resolve disputes.

"We are reaching out to our suppliers to understand these individual situations that have been reported," BP spokeswoman Elizabeth Adams said.

"Through that process we hope to explore a range of possible solutions," she said.

BP is setting up a 20 billion-dollar fund to compensate those hurt by the disaster, in which 4.1 million barrels of oil spewed into the Gulf of Mexico before BP last week fully capped the ruptured underground well.

Federal authorities say it is up to local officials to decide what to do with boom, which is being removed in parts of Alabama, Florida and Mississippi and sometimes decontaminated for use elsewhere.

In worst-hit Louisiana, boom has already crept into the marshland, raising fears for the sensitive ecosystem.

"It's a tradeoff between the potential damage the boom can actually do if you leave it in the water during a storm and then the need to move it back and hold it in reserve should you need it," said Admiral Thad Allen, the pointman on the crisis.

Some 2.48 million feet (756,000 meters) of containment boom are set up to halt the spill, down slightly from several weeks ago, according to government figures. Another 1.16 million feet (354,000 meters) are ready for deployment.

Buck, the firm executive, said that the Deepwater Horizon rig explosion showed the need for oil companies to keep a plentiful stock of boom.

"Were they to have another oil spill today, it would be a disaster because BP has suspended orders," Buck said.

While acknowledging he did not have evidence, Buck feared BP may be looking to replace US makers of boom with cheaper suppliers in China or other emerging economies. BP declined comment.

Industrial Fabrics Association International, which represents makers of containment boom and other specialty fabrics, said that BP had to honor its commitments.

"Just because the well is capped, BP can't turn around and say we've decided not to accept the order. That's simply not how business is done," said JoAnne Ferris, the association's director of marketing.

"I'm pretty sure the contract law in England is similar to the contract law in the United States," Ferris said. "In the United States, we call it skipping out on the tab."

Ferris feared that the spill was "going from an oil disaster to a manufacturing disaster."

"I hope BP will step up and make this go away," she said. "The last thing they need is more bad publicity."

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